Jonathan Martin and Katie Glueck

<h1>INDEPENDENCE, Iowa — Joe Biden expressed frustration Thursday at Sen. Kamala Harris’ pointed criticism about his 1970s-era opposition to busing, arguing that Democrats should “be talking about the future.” But he resisted the opportunity to return fire at Harris for voicing a position similar to his on school integration.</h1>

One day after she said that local school districts should determine whether to bus students, effectively the argument Biden had made in the face of Harris’ attack at last week’s debate, the former vice-president simply said that she was “absolutely right.”

As he addressed reporters after jogging through a July 4 parade on a steamy morning in Independence, Iowa, Biden called Harris, who has jumped in the polls since her debate performance, “a good person, smart as she can be.”

He also repeatedly made clear that he was irritated at being targeted for positions he had held more than four decades ago.

“This is kind of a new thing, you know we’re going back 40 or 50 years now to a vote,” he said, vowing that he would not take on his rivals for the Democratic presidential nomination in a similar way. “I’m not going to go back and talk about the record of anyone from 10, 20, 30 years ago,” Biden said, adding that “everything is lost in context.”

Harris has surged with African American voters, a crucial constituency for Biden, since her performance at the debate. He bridled at the suggestion that he should show contrition for opposing federally mandated busing — he once called the approach “asinine” — during his tenure as a senator from Delaware. “I don’t have to atone,” he said. “Look, my record stands for itself.”

Biden made the case to “move on and talk about what we do now,” but he may have handed new fodder to his critics on the left. His comments minimized busing, an issue that still lingers for many Americans who experienced the mandated integration practice or whose children attend schools that are de facto segregated by race.

“Busing is something 99% of the American people don’t even know what we’re talking about,” he argued.

Biden said he was satisfied with his debate performance, which was widely criticized. He dismissed several polls taken in the aftermath of the back-to-back forums that show his once-solid lead evaporating.

“I’m still way ahead,” he said.

Biden, however, is not the only candidate struggling with how to talk about school integration. After Harris found success confronting the former vice president on busing, she has appeared uncertain about how to characterize her own views on the matter.

Before addressing a July 4 house party in a sweltering backyard in Indianola, Iowa, Harris insisted that she and Biden did not share the same position on federally mandated busing. She then attempted to focus the conversation past rather than present.

“I have asked him and have yet to hear him agree that busing that was court-ordered and mandated in most places and in that era in which I was bused, was necessary,” Harris said of her childhood in Berkeley, California, in the late 1960s and 1970s. “He has yet to agree that his position on this, which was to work with segregationists and oppose busing, was wrong.”

Harris was asked to explain what she meant when she said Wednesday that busing should be part of “the toolbox” to address desegregating schools, which would be distinct from a federal mandate. She suggested that the environment around civil rights is different today from when she was a student, though she said she supported school districts and municipalities doing “whatever they need to do” on integration measures.

This is not the first issue on which Harris has muddled her response — she has also struggled to articulate whether she thinks private health care should be eliminated — but the California senator dismissed questions about her consistency.

“I have not changed my position,” she said. “So, we can talk about other issues if you’d like.”

After Harris took questions from reporters, she received an enthusiastic reception as she addressed a crowd from a back porch overlooking a backyard and Iowa fields.

Several voters shrugged off the busing controversies, suggesting that it was not a major issue as they assessed the race.

“I feel everyone has something in their past,” said Ashley Raske, an African American woman from Des Moines who said she was considering Harris and Biden as top choices. “I’m looking a lot at what they stand for now, how they’re going to serve my family and the American people.”

But the exchanges around busing prolonged the most combative period of the Democratic primary to date. In the days after the debate, several of Biden’s allies and aides said privately that they were surprised by Harris’ criticisms of Biden’s civil rights record. Some even said they found her words hurtful.

On Thursday, Harris said that Biden could not have been too surprised to be questioned about his record after his praise last month for a Senate that included notorious segregationists.

“That was the subject of conversation for days at end,” she said. “So you know if he and his team weren’t prepared for the topic, I don’t know what to say about that.”

But the senator plainly does not want to revive the issue as a matter of policy today.

Returning to Iowa for the first time since she vaulted into the top tier of the race, Harris made no mention of the former vice president in her stump speech, instead unveiling a new line of attack on President Donald Trump.

“We have a predator living in the White House,” she told Democrats in West Des Moines on Wednesday.

Biden was similarly disinclined to focus on the issue Thursday. After the parade, he delivered an Independence Day-themed speech in Marshalltown. Reading from prepared remarks in a teleprompter, Biden hailed America, summoned the words of past presidents and flayed the incumbent.

Recalling that President Vladimir Putin of Russia had crowed that Western liberalism was becoming obsolete, Biden prompted groans in a friendly crowd when he noted that Trump thought Putin was alluding to California-style progressive politics.

“Not a joke,” Biden said, “our president doesn’t understand the difference between liberals as opposed to conservatives in our political context and liberal as opposed to autocratic systems of government.”

Biden and Harris were hardly the only Democrats in Iowa for July 4th. Beto O’Rourke joined Biden for the parade in Independence, which was filled with firetrucks, beauty queens and a few supporters of Trump who voiced their enthusiasm for the president when volunteers for Democrats in the 2020 race chanted their candidates’ names.

Biden supporters distributed Tootsie Rolls and Dubble Bubble, and Biden sweated through his polo shirt as he wandered from side to side of a parade in the blue-collar eastern Iowa village.

When he eyed three women sporting Biden lapel stickers and standing in the bed of a truck on the side of the parade route, he jokingly yelled: “Don’t jump, I need you!” That was shortly before he cradled a 4-month-old baby and pretended to walk away from the infant’s mother.

After the parade as Biden soberly addressed questions outside an old train depot about integration and race in America, he couldn’t fully escape the holiday’s festivities.

“I’ve always supported voluntary busing,” he explained, moments before the sound of a teenage girl’s voice pierced the air. “It’s Joe Biden!” she said.

Sen. Bernie Sanders of Vermont also hit the parade circuit, beginning his day in Slater, Iowa, about half an hour from Des Moines.

The scene was a sharp contrast to the one unfolding in Washington, where Trump had ordered up a military-style event complete with tanks and fighter jets.

In Slater, there was a yellow truck representing the Story County Democrats, bearing a multicolored sign reading “love is love.” Girl Scouts congregated around a pickup truck.

Sanders arrived at the parade in sneakers and walked through the town and leafy side streets, waving and belting out, “Hello!”

He occasionally took pictures or shook hands, but generally stayed in the middle of the street as more than two dozen activists and people associated with his campaign followed behind, chanting progressive slogans such as, “We don’t need no super PAC! Bernie Sanders got our back!”

One man, who declined to give his name to a reporter, insisted that his young daughter remove a Sanders sticker she had received.

“I’ll give her 100 stickers if she takes it off,” he said. “And I’ll pay for it myself with my own money I earn.”

In Ames, Iowa, home to Iowa State University, Sanders got a more robust reception as he marched down Main Street, which was dotted with American flags.

He moved rapidly through the parade, stopping to take pictures, though he clearly didn’t want to linger. “Very quickly,” he said, in response to a selfie request.

This article originally appeared in <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/04/us/politics/joe-biden-kamala-harris-busing-iowa.html" link="null" target="_blank">The New York Times</a>.

In Iowa, Kamala Harris calls Joe Biden's past views on busing 'wrong'

One day after she said that local school districts should determine whether to bus students, effectively the argument Biden had made in the face of Harris’ attack at last week’s debate, the former vice-president simply said that she was “absolutely right.”

Appearing on the Rev. Al Sharpton’s MSNBC program after addressing the South Carolina Democratic convention, Biden said he grasped why some people might have taken offense to his reference, but “to the extent that anybody thought that I meant something different, that is not what I intended.”

He added: “I do understand the consequence of the word ‘boy.’ But it wasn’t said in any of that context at all.”

Appearing at a fundraiser in New York City this past week, Biden touched off a dayslong controversy by recalling that the Senate was a more civil and productive body even when such racists as former Sens. James Eastland, D-Miss., and Herman Talmadge, D-Ga., were serving. Biden recalled of Eastland: “He never called me ‘boy,’ he always called me ‘son.’”

But in his interview with Sharpton, with whom he has a warm relationship, Biden explained that the term was meant as a pejorative against him because he was only in his 30s when he served with Eastland, the longtime chair of the Judiciary Committee.

“He said I’m not even qualified to be in the Senate,” Biden said. “I’m not old enough, I’m a kid, I’m a kid.”

The former vice president, who would eventually forge a more friendly relationship with Eastland, also used the interview to amplify his rhetoric against the old Southern Democrats, calling them “a bunch of racists.”

And as his staff looked on intensely from the set on the convention floor, Biden expounded at length about his civil rights record and even his youthful employment as a lifeguard in an African-American part of Wilmington, Delaware, his hometown.

Shortly before Biden relitigated the comments that had created the recent controversy for his campaign, he caught something of a break when Sen. Cory Booker, D-N.J., sought to cool tensions between them.

“There’s no hatchet,” said Booker, who had sharply criticized Biden’s remarks, when he was asked by reporters whether he and Biden had buried the hatchet. “I have a lot of respect and gratitude for the vice president.”

In addition to his appearance with Sharpton, Biden also used his trip to South Carolina, an early nominating state, to appeal to another crucial constituency who he has unnerved in recent weeks: abortion rights supporters.

Speaking at a Planned Parenthood candidate forum, Biden sought to reassure a heavily female audience about his commitment to protecting access to abortion. He vowed that, if elected president, he would reverse the Trump administration’s policies limiting abortion rights and would seek to codify Roe v. Wade in federal law.

Making his first appearance before an abortion rights group since rescinding his support for the Hyde Amendment, which bars the use of federal funds for most abortions, Biden told members of Planned Parenthood that state-level efforts by Republicans to curb access to reproductive services had prompted him to change his mind.

This month, Biden had reversed himself on the issue in the space of a day after coming under immense pressure from groups such as Planned Parenthood and a broader array of liberal activists who believe that Democrats must not accept what they see as old compromises at a moment an emboldened Republican Party is seeking to outlaw abortion.

Sitting onstage between two Planned Parenthood officials and gripping a handful of filled-out notecards, Biden — a Roman Catholic who has long wrestled with how to balance his faith with his support for abortion rights — bristled for a moment when he was asked about what one of the moderators called his “mixed record” on abortion rights.

“I’m not sure about the mixed-record part,” he said, before turning to more favorable ground with the group.

Biden won applause as he recalled the gains for women in the Affordable Care Act, noting that “pregnancy can’t be a preexisting condition” any longer, but he stumbled over the statistics as he sought to highlight South Carolina’s high rate of maternal mortality.

The lingering question for Biden in the wake of his change of heart on public funding for abortion and his longing for the 1970s Senate is whether he is losing favor from current or would-be supporters.

The former vice president’s allies pointed to the enthusiastic reception he received Friday at South Carolina’s Democratic convention and Rep. Jim Clyburn’s late-night fish fry, where Biden stayed until nearly midnight shaking hands and posing for pictures with a heavily African-American audience.

“I’ve not heard anybody say, ‘I was for Biden until I heard this,’” said James Smith, a former state lawmaker who ran for governor of South Carolina in 2018 at Biden’s urging. “They know who Joe Biden is, and they’re not disturbed at all by any of this.”

Biden tries to de-escalate criticism on two fronts

COLUMBIA, S.C. — Joe Biden on Saturday sought to tamp down anger over his praise for the bygone civility of a Senate that included notorious segregationists, stopping just short of an apology while asserting that his reference to never being called “boy” by one of the senators was not racial in nature.

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Jonathan Martin and Katie Glueck

Articles written by the author

In Iowa, Kamala Harris calls Joe Biden's past views on busing 'wrong'

Biden tries to de-escalate criticism on two fronts