Sydney Ember and Shane Goldmacher

But Sanders said something needed to be different in 2020 if his promised revolution was going to come to fruition.

“I’m here to ask for your help, to help me win the Democratic primary here in South Carolina,” he said. “With your help, we can do that. We do that, we’re going to win the nomination.”

Many Democrats in the presidential race are banking on strong showings in Iowa and New Hampshire, the first nominating contests, to slingshot them into South Carolina with political momentum and then on to Super Tuesday. But Sanders knows that will not be enough — or at least it was not enough for him in 2016.

That year, he stunned the political world by almost beating Hillary Clinton in the Iowa caucuses. He trounced her in New Hampshire.

Then, in more diverse South Carolina, where black voters make up an estimated 60% of the Democratic primary electorate, he got annihilated anyway. He lost every county in the state, with Clinton carrying more than half of them with more than 80% of the vote. Only in one did Sanders even top 40%.

South Carolina was the signal defeat in his upstart challenge to Clinton, the state where his inability to win support from African Americans, a crucial Democratic constituency, was laid bare. Clinton marched across the South with similarly huge margins, building an unmatchable delegate advantage to clinch the nomination.

“The reason why he got beat here so badly last time is the African American community didn’t support him, didn’t know who he was, so they went with who they knew,” said Kwadjo Campbell, Sanders’ South Carolina state director.

As in his race against Clinton, Sanders faces in former Vice President Joe Biden a familiar face with a reservoir of goodwill among many black voters — a man who served two terms as the No. 2 to the first black president and who begins far ahead in South Carolina polls. Only now the race also includes two major black candidates, Sens. Kamala Harris of California and Cory Booker of New Jersey, as well as another senator, Elizabeth Warren of Massachusetts, who is peeling off support on the ideological left.

Faiz Shakir, Sanders’ campaign manager, called the South Carolina challenge “significant but not insurmountable,” especially if Sanders performs well in the three preceding states, including Nevada.

“There is a really great possibility for South Carolina — I won’t say win, but I do think cutting margins significantly,” Shakir said, “particularly in the African American community, which I think he will do much better with. That’s the path.”

After mostly minimizing South Carolina four years ago, if not seeming to downright disregard it at times, Sanders has returned with a previously unseen vigor. Once he had declared his candidacy in 2015, Sanders went more than three months before his first visit to South Carolina (one trip was postponed after the Charleston church shooting). This year, he has already visited seven times as a candidate; by this weekend, when Sanders visits on a college tour, he will have notched as many visits to the state as he made in the 2016 cycle.

“We’re going to give the vice president a run for his money,” said Nina Turner, a national co-chair of the Sanders campaign, who is black and who has been instrumental in the South Carolina strategy, visiting the state herself at least twice a month.

Sanders has unveiled two of his major policy proposals in South Carolina — his criminal justice plan and his “Thurgood Marshall Plan” for public education — as part of an effort to show his commitment to black voters in the state, advisers said. He has six offices here and 52 paid staff members (nearly three-quarters are people of color, according to the campaign).

A Sanders spokesman in South Carolina, Michael Wukela, said the Vermont senator now counts 24 endorsements in the state — 20 of them from black supporters — compared with a total of only five at the end of the 2016 race. Members of clergy are being wooed, as well.

“I know he’s been working hard,” Rev. Joseph Darby, an influential pastor in Charleston who is close to Biden, said of Sanders. “I give him an E for effort.”

An early snapshot of the state suggests that Sanders still faces an uphill climb. In a selfie line after a shrimp-and-grits breakfast event in Georgetown, S.C., last month, nearly all the people waiting for photographs with the senator were white. And in conversations with black leaders and voters, including some at Sanders’ own events, there was still uncertainty about Sanders and his policies. Several people mentioned his “Medicare for All” proposal for a government-run health insurance system.

Mae McKnight, 74, who attended the Georgetown event, said she was still deciding which candidate would win her vote. She was leaning toward Biden to “get the country back to some kind of calm normalcy,” she said. Though she liked Sanders, she said, “I would not want him to take my insurance plan.

“I don’t care who gets it as long as I can keep mine,” McKnight added, noting she was on her teachers’ union’s health plan.

Pamela Venson, a retiree who lives in Florence, showed up at the recent Galivants Ferry candidate stump, which Sanders ended up missing to rest his voice. Venson, a Biden supporter, called the former vice president “seasoned” but saw Sanders and Warren as “too risky” and “too left.”

“You’ve got to have the money first,” Venson said of their ambitious policy plans.

Marvin Pendarvis, a state representative supporting former Rep. Beto O’Rourke of Texas, said that many black voters viewed Sanders’ expansive agenda warily.

“They like the idea of all that stuff. And it would be great in a perfect world. But we don’t live in a perfect world,” Pendarvis said. “Many black Americans are just reluctant to take the kind of risks like that. We want something a little more concrete.”

National polls show that African American voters remain Biden’s most reliable voting bloc and an area of relative weakness for Sanders. An NBC News/Wall Street Journal poll released this week found Biden with the support of 49% of black Democratic primary voters nationwide, while Sanders had only 5% support. (Among all Democratic primary voters surveyed, Biden led with 31%, Warren had 25%, and Sanders had 14%.)

The centerpiece of Sanders’ campaign pitch remains economic and class matters: Medicare for All, a $15 minimum wage, eliminating student debt. References to racial justice remain the rhetorical flourishes of his stump speech.

Advisers to Sanders have pressed him to speak more about his own civil rights activism as a student in the 1960s, as he did in an early campaign speech in Chicago. Sanders has mostly ignored them.

“Can I get him to talk about anything in his life? It’s very hard,” Shakir said.

Alicia Garza, a founder of Black Lives Matter who was in South Carolina this week on a bus tour promoting a new women’s group, Supermajority, noted that Sanders had been criticized for not sufficiently connecting racial and economic justice.

“Black women like myself, we’ve never gone for the okey-doke” that fixing economic issues would solve other problems, she said. Of Sanders, she said, “I’m also willing to give the grace of, ‘You’ve got until February to convince me you finally get it.’”

Campbell, Sanders’ state director, said the senator had “grown in that regard.”

“If you listen to him talk about African American communities, he doesn’t shy away from the whole idea of racial discrimination,” Campbell said.

The campaign is certainly trying to organize black voters.

Mariah Moore-McClure, an 18-year-old who moved from Chicago to attend Benedict College, a historically black college in Columbia, was part of a group the Sanders campaign had bused to the Galivants Ferry event about two hours away. “On my campus, he’s doing great,” she said.

Within the Sanders campaign, tensions between the new guard and the originalists have been present throughout this run, including in a recent shake-up of his New Hampshire operation. In an interview, Campbell took an oblique swipe at those who ran South Carolina for Sanders four years ago.

“We’ve got a solid state team from the state that knows the state,” he said. “So that’s different from last time.”

Sanders’ 2016 base — which generally skews younger, whiter and more progressive — remains the core of his 2020 coalition. At Galivants Ferry, the three volunteers at his booth in the early evening were supporters dating to 2016.

“If we have anything to do with it,” said Goffinet McLaren, who is white and a retiree who lives in Pawleys Island, “we would encourage black voters to vote for him this time.”

This article originally appeared in

Why Bernie Sanders Wants Redemption in South Carolina

CHARLESTON, S.C. — Clutching a cup of tea to soothe his hoarsening voice, Sen. Bernie Sanders took the stage at the College of Charleston this week with a familiar message for anyone who had been following him since 2015, inveighing against the economic system (“grossly unfair”), political system (“corrupt”) and health care system (“insanity”).

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Sydney Ember and Shane Goldmacher

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Why Bernie Sanders Wants Redemption in South Carolina