Zolan Kanno-Youngs and Caitlin Dickerson

In a memo sent to Kevin McAleenan, the acting secretary of homeland security, and Attorney General William Barr, the president took another step to reshape asylum law, which is determined by Congress, from the White House.

The restrictions do not take effect immediately. Trump gave administration officials 90 days to draw up regulations that would carry out his orders. They would be among the first significant changes to asylum policy since McAleenan replaced Kirstjen Nielsen as head of homeland security and the president signaled he would take a tougher stance on the asylum-seekers swamping the border.

The administration has already tried to restrict the number of migrants who can apply for asylum per day, who qualifies for asylum and where they must wait for a resolution — immigration policies that have been the subject of multiple federal court cases.

Carrying out the president’s orders will be an early test for McAleenan, who was named acting secretary in April.

“The purpose of this memorandum is to strengthen asylum procedures to safeguard our system against rampant abuse of our asylum process,” Trump said in the memo.

The memo did not make clear how the plans would be carried out in immigration courts. More than 800,000 cases are pending, with an average wait time of almost two years. The Trump administration added to that backlog when it directed immigration authorities to reopen thousands of nonviolent removal cases.

The memo specifically called for the authorities to set a fee for asylum-seekers filing their claims and for their work permit applications.

Migrants who have entered or tried to enter the United States illegally would also be barred from receiving a work permit until their claims are adjudicated.

“There’s a reason that we give people work permits while they are waiting for asylum, so that they can support themselves and don’t have to be depending on government assistance during that time,” Michelle Brané, the director of migrant rights and justice at the Women’s Refugee Commission.

Fewer migrants try to cross the border now than in the early 2000s. But the demographics have shifted: Most are now families from Central America rather than single Mexicans who could be quickly deported. The sheer number of families has overwhelmed the system and because of rules that prohibit holding children in detention for more than 20 days some families are released into communities along the border.

More than 103,000 migrants crossed the southwestern border in March without authorization, an increase from the more than 76,000 who crossed in February. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, also known as ICE, is currently housing more than 50,000 migrants, one of the highest numbers on record, and about 5,000 more than the congressionally mandated limit of 45,274.

In 2016, the average daily population of immigrants in detention dipped to 34,376.

After the memo’s release Monday night, Julián Castro, a 2020 Democratic presidential candidate and former Obama administration housing secretary, called the orders “truly sickening.”

“Families are fleeing violence and turmoil to seek refuge at our borders and Donald Trump wants to charge them a fee to gain asylum,” he said on Twitter.

In April, the White House took action over the rising number of border crossings when Trump forced out Nielsen, who oversaw attempts to tighten the asylum process and the administration’s family separations practice. The next day, the White House pushed out multiple other homeland security officials.

Stephen Miller, the president’s top immigration adviser, has assumed more power over shaping policies and decisions. He was behind the purge of homeland security officials and has advocated aggressive, legally dubious policies, including busing migrants to so-called sanctuary cities to retaliate against Democrats.

At the current pace of about 100,000 migrants each month, officials estimate more than 1 million people will have tried to cross the border within a year.

“The Coyotes and Drug Cartels are in total control of the Mexico side of the Southern Border,” Trump said Monday night on Twitter. “They have labs nearby where they make drugs to sell into the U.S. Mexico, one of the most dangerous country’s in the world, must eradicate this problem now. Also, stop the MARCH to U.S.”

Brané said the new restrictions would turn “asylum on its head.”

“The entire idea of asylum is that it’s something that you need because you are fleeing some sort of violence or persecution,” she said, “and to then say that it’s only accessible to people who can pay a fee doesn’t make sense.”

Speaking of the Trump administration’s broader approach to asylum, Brané said, “All of it has been aimed at reducing the number of people who can access the system as opposed to reducing the need for asylum by addressing root causes.”

While most asylum-seekers pass their initial interview with an asylum officer, only about 20% ultimately win the right to live and work in the United States. Applicants must show evidence of past persecution and establish a “well founded” fear that they would face danger if they returned home.

As former commissioner for Customs and Border Protection, McAleenan helped carry out the Trump administration’s “zero tolerance” policy to prosecute parents caught crossing the border illegally, which led to family separations. But he has also emphasized the importance of aid to Central American countries — even though Trump cut State Department funding to Honduras, El Salvador and Guatemala this year.

McAleenan, who is seen by many as someone who can appeal to both Democrats and Republicans in Congress, will have an opportunity Tuesday morning, when he is expected to testify in front of the House Appropriations Committee.

This article originally appeared in <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/29/us/politics/trump-asylum.html" id="02a6581b-f3a6-3f08-a53d-945d33da2887">The New York Times</a>.

Asylum-Seekers Face New Restraints Under Latest Trump Orders

WASHINGTON — President Donald Trump on Monday ordered new restrictions on asylum-seekers at the Mexican border — including application fees and work permit restraints — and directed that cases in the already clogged immigration courts be settled within 180 days.

In a memo sent to Kevin McAleenan, the acting secretary of homeland security, and Attorney General William P. Barr, the president took another step to reshape asylum law, which is determined by Congress, from the White House.

The restrictions do not take effect immediately. Trump gave administration officials 90 days to figure out how his orders could be carried out. They are among the first significant changes to asylum policy since McAleenan replaced Kirstjen Nielsen as homeland security secretary and the president signaled he would take a tougher stance on the asylum-seekers swamping the border.

The administration has already restricted the number of migrants who can apply for asylum per day, who qualifies for asylum and where they must wait for a resolution — immigrations that have been the subject of multiple federal court cases.

Carrying out the president’s orders will be an early test for McAleenan, who was named acting secretary this month.

Migrants who have entered or tried to enter the United States illegally would also be barred from receiving a work permit until their claim is adjudicated.

This month, the White House took action over the rising number of border crossings when Trump forced out Nielsen, who oversaw attempts to tighten the asylum process and the administration’s family separations policy. The next day, the White House pushed out multiple other homeland security officials.

One of Trump’s White House aides, Stephen Miller, has berated homeland security officials over what the White House sees as a broken immigration system.

At the current pace of nearly 100,000 migrants each month, officials estimate more than 1 million people will have tried to cross the border within a year.

While most migrants pass their initial interview, only about 20% of asylum-seekers ultimately win the right to live and work in the United States. Applicants must show evidence of past persecution and establish a “well founded” fear that they would face danger if they returned home.

Speaking of the Trump administration’s broader approach to asylum, she said, “All of it has been aimed at reducing the number of people who can access the system as opposed to reducing the need for asylum by addressing root causes.”

McAleenan, a former commissioner for Customs and Border Protection, helped carry out the Trump administration’s “zero tolerance” policy to prosecute parents caught crossing the border illegally, which led to family separations. But he has also emphasized the importance of aid to Central American countries — even though Trump cut State Department funding to Honduras, El Salvador and Guatemala this year.

The acting secretary is seen by many as someone who can appeal to both Democrats and Republicans on the hill.

He will have an opportunity Tuesday morning, when he’s expected to testify in front of the House Appropriations Committee on Tuesday morning.

A spokesman for homeland security declined to comment Monday.

This article originally appeared in <a id="02a6581b-f3a6-3f08-a53d-945d33da2887" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/29/us/politics/trump-asylum.html">The New York Times</a>.

Trump orders new restrictions on asylum-seekers

WASHINGTON — President Donald Trump on Monday issued new restrictions on asylum-seekers at the Mexican border — including application fees and work permit restraints — and ordered that cases in the already clogged immigration courts be settled within 180 days.

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Zolan Kanno-Youngs and Caitlin Dickerson

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Asylum-Seekers Face New Restraints Under Latest Trump Orders

Trump orders new restrictions on asylum-seekers