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Decoding Maori culture of New Zealand: Tattoos, haka, unique traditions

A video of 22-year-old New Zealand MP Hana-Rawhiti Maipi-Clarke performing the haka in parliament went viral, earning widespread praise for her bold stance on a controversial bill.
New Zealand MP Hana-Rawhiti Maipi-Clarke
New Zealand MP Hana-Rawhiti Maipi-Clarke

The Maori people of New Zealand have a rich and vibrant culture, deeply rooted in traditions that have been passed down through generations.

From the significance of their tattoos to the powerful haka performance, the Maori culture offers a fascinating insight into their values and beliefs.

Body inking, or tatau, is an important tradition in Maori culture. Unlike tattoos that are purely decorative, tatau has deep cultural meaning. It symbolises an individual’s genealogy (whakapapa), achievements, and connection to their ancestors.

Facial tattoos, like the moko, are particularly significant. For Maori men and women, the facial tattoos represent leadership, bravery, and other important life milestones.

Getting a tattoo is often a rite of passage, with the intricate designs reflecting a person’s family, tribe, and role within their community.

The haka is another iconic aspect of Maori culture. Traditionally performed before battle, the haka is a war dance that combines foot stamping, body slapping, and fierce facial expressions.

It was originally meant to intimidate enemies and unite the tribe.

Today, the haka is performed at various events, including by New Zealand's national rugby team, the All Blacks. It serves as a tribute to Maori culture, demonstrating unity and strength.

The haka’s words often reflect the tribe’s history and values, calling on the present generation to honour their ancestors.

New Zealand players perform the haka ahead of their last match against Ireland in November 17, 2018. Ireland won the match 16-9

In Maori culture, whānau—or family—is a central value. It goes beyond the nuclear family to encompass the entire community. An individual’s identity is shaped by their whakapapa, linking them to their ancestors and collective history.

The concept of family is vital in Maori society, where everyone plays a role in supporting one another.

Elders, known as kaumātua, are highly respected for their wisdom and play a crucial role in guiding the community. Family gatherings are important for strengthening bonds and celebrating shared responsibilities.

The Maori have a deep spiritual connection to the land, sea, and sky—referred to as whenua, moana, and rangi. They believe that the natural world is sacred and that humans are stewards of the land, not its owners.

This belief system is reflected in the concept of tapu, which refers to sacredness and prohibitions. Certain locations, objects, and people are considered sacred and must be treated with reverence.

Haka tapu is a ritual performed to honour the land, ancestors, and gods (atua), acknowledging the intertwining of the spiritual and physical worlds.

Mana represents spiritual power, prestige, and authority in Maori culture. It can be inherited or earned through actions and accomplishments. Those with high mana are respected and hold influence in their community.

In contrast, tapu refers to the sacredness of people, places, and things. Both mana and tapu guide how Maori interact with the world, emphasizing respect for others and for nature.

Individuals with high mana are expected to act responsibly, maintaining balance within their community.

The Maori culture of New Zealand is rich in traditions and values that shape the identity of its people. From body inking and the haka to the importance of family and spiritual connection to the land, the Maori have preserved a culture that honours the past while shaping the present.

Their customs offer valuable lessons on the strength of tradition and the power of community.

This content was generated by an AI model and verified by the author. 

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